The difference between modern ceramic production process and traditional process

In traditional Chinese traditions, red is often used to represent good fortune and wealth, and the color of the glaze is steady, strong, magnificent and simple. This is a factor that people are happy to use. After firing, it is characterized by calmness and enthusiasm.
Modern ceramic art: Creation, becoming the space where creative subjects can fully use their imagination to realize individual spiritual values. The ancient art of pottery has become the spiritual dwelling place of modern people. Therefore, unlike traditional pottery, modern pottery only uses pottery clay as its material carrier, and what it embodies is a modern art spirit. It advocates the creation of freedom, the play of individuality, and even some works still retain the shape of the container. But it is no longer for practical purposes. Moreover, it broke through the original technical specifications and abandoned the classical aesthetic tastes of traditional ceramics that are delicate, regular, and symmetrical, and developed in the direction of free, more imaginative and more humanistic spirits. Modern pottery art is no longer the artistic “bottle” in the traditional sense. Even the “bottle and jar” expresses the living experience of potters freely with the concept of “jars and cans”. Therefore, modern ceramic art is purely the artistic creation of individual artists in the face of the soul. With the separation from the ancient ceramic matrix to form an independent pure artistic features.
Stoneware is the most primitive and lowest grade of chinaware, generally made of a type of fused clay. In some cases it is also possible to add clinker or sand to the clay to reduce shrinkage. The firing temperature of these products varies greatly depending on the nature of the impurities contained in the chemical composition of the clay. With the manufacture of tiles, if the porosity is too high, then the body's frost resistance is not good, too low fork is not easy to hang mortar, so the water absorption rate is generally maintained between 5 to 15%. The color of the green body after firing depends on the content of colored oxides in the clay and the firing atmosphere. It is mostly yellow or red in the oxidizing flame, and mostly blue or black in the reducing flame.

The blue brick in China's building materials is made of yellow or red clay containing Fe2O3 as raw material. When it is near fire, it is reduced with a reducing flame to reduce Fe203 to FeON to blue. Pottery can be divided into ordinary pottery and fine pottery. . Ordinary pottery means earthenware pots. Tanks, cylinders, squats. As well as products having porous colored green bodies such as fire bricks. The fine ceramicware blank has a water absorption rate of 4 to 12%, so it is permeable, has no translucency, is generally white, and is also colored. Many glazes use fused glazes containing lead and boron. Compared with enamel wares, due to less flux, sintering temperature does not exceed 1300°C, so the green body is not fully sintered; compared with porcelain, the requirements for raw materials are lower, the plasticity of blanks is larger, and the firing temperature is higher. low. Not easily deformed, it can simplify the formation of products, decoration and other processes. But fine ceramics have better mechanical strength and impact strength than porcelain. The enamel should be small, and its glaze should be softer than the glaze of the above-mentioned products. When its glaze layer is damaged, the porous body is easily contaminated, which affects sanitation.
According to the different composition of the green body, fine pottery can be divided into four types: clay, calcareous, feldspar and clinker quality. Clay fine pottery approaches ordinary pottery. Limestone fine ceramics uses limestone as a flux. Its manufacturing process is similar to that of feldspar fine ceramics, but its quality is inferior to that of feldspar fine ceramics. Therefore, it has been produced infrequently in recent years and replaced by feldspar fine ceramics. The feldspar fine pottery, also known as hard fine pottery, uses feldspar as a flux. It is the most perfect and most widely used pottery. In recent years, many countries have used large-scale production of daily-use utensils (cups, plates, etc.) and sanitary ceramics in place of expensive porcelain. Hot pot fine pottery is the addition of a certain amount of clinker in the fine ceramic pot, in order to reduce shrinkage and avoid waste products. This kind of billet is mostly used for large and thick tire products (such as bathtubs, toilets, etc.).
The stoneware is known as "stone-stone porcelain" in ancient Chinese books. The body is dense and fully sintered, which is very close to porcelain. However, it has not yet been vitrified, there is still a water absorption rate of 2% or less, the body is opaque, white, and most allow the color after burning, so the purity of raw materials is not as high as that of porcelain, and the raw materials are easy to take. The retort has high strength and good thermal stability and is very suitable for modern mechanized washing. It can smoothly pass the rapid change of temperature from the refrigerator to the oven. In the international market, due to the development of tourism and the socialization of diet, The stoneware has more sales than the stoneware.
The semi-porcelain billet is close to the porcelain billet, but it still has a water absorption rate of 3 to 5% after firing (true porcelain, water absorption rate is below 0.5%), so its use performance is inferior to porcelain, and better than fine ceramics.
Porcelain is a higher stage in the development of ceramics. Its characteristics are that the green body has been completely sintered, completely vitrified, so it is dense and has no permeability to liquids and gases. The thin part of the tire is semi-transparent, the cross-section is conchoidal, and the tongue is smooth, not sticky. live. Hard porcelain has the best performance in ceramics. For the production of high-level daily utensils, electric porcelain, chemical porcelain and so on.
Soft porcelain has many fluxes and a low firing temperature, so its mechanical strength is inferior to that of hard porcelain, and its thermal stability is also low. However, its transparency is high and it is decorative, so it is mostly used for making art furnishings. . As for Fritted porcelain and bone china, their firing temperature is similar to that of soft porcelain, and their advantages and disadvantages are similar to those of soft porcelain, and should be within the same range as soft porcelain. Because these two types of porcelain are more difficult to produce (the plasticity and drying strength of the blank are very poor, and the deformation is severe during firing), the cost is high and production is not universal. The United Kingdom is the famous origin of bone china, and Tangshan in China also produces bone china.
Special ceramics are developed with the leap of modern electrical appliances, radio, aviation, atomic energy, metallurgy, machinery, chemical and other industries as well as advanced computer technology, space technology, and new energy development. The main raw materials used in these ceramics are no longer clay, feldspar, quartz, and some clays or feldspars are used. However, more pure oxides and raw materials with special properties are used. The manufacturing process and performance requirements It also varies.